I asked AI how Korean history books describe the Genko pirates.

What is the Mongol Invasion?

　The Genko, or Mongol invasions, were two large-scale invasions of Japan by the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.
　This event was an important turning point in Japanese history, and through the Genko, Japan’s national defense and political systems were greatly affected.

Description in Korean history books

　The Genko (Mongol invasion) is described in detail in the Goryeo(Korai) history book, Korai Shi (History of the Goryeo Dynasty). The following is a detailed description of the Mongol invasion and its impact on the Goryeo Dynasty.

Description of the Mongol Invasion in “History of Goryeo

Submission and Cooperation of Goryeo to Yuan

　After the Mongol invasion, Goryeo submitted to Yuan and accepted its status as a dependent state. This forced Goryeo to follow the orders of the Yuan dynasty, and it cooperated fully with the Yuan in the event of the Yuan invasion. The History of Goryeo describes in detail how Goryeo prepared for and supported the Yuan forces.

The First Invasion (Bun-ei no Eki, 1274)

Preparations and Departure

　In 1274, the Yuan army planned to invade Japan using Goryeo as a base. Goryeo built ships and mobilized soldiers for the Yuan army. The History of Goryeo records that Goryeo provided approximately 900 ships and many soldiers joined the Yuan army. Departing from the port of Goryeo, the Yuan army headed for Japan via Tsushima and Iki.

Attacks on Tsushima and Iki

　The Yuan forces first landed on Tsushima and committed atrocities against the residents and defenders of Tsushima. Next, they attacked Iki and committed similar acts of destruction. The History of the Goryeo describes the details of these attacks and the role of the Goryeo soldiers.

Battle of Hakata Bay

　When the Yuan forces landed at Hakata Bay, the Japanese garrison (the retainers of the Kamakura shogunate) put up a fierce resistance. The Yuan forces used fire arrows and stone throwers, but the Japanese warriors continued to fight bravely. The “History of Korai” describes the details of this battle and the participation of Korai soldiers.

Typhoon (Kamikaze)

　After several days of fighting, a typhoon suddenly hit Hakata Bay, sinking many of the Yuan ships. This typhoon was known as “kamikaze” on the Japanese side, and the “History of Goryeo” describes how this natural disaster devastated the Yuan forces, forcing them to retreat.

The Second Incursion (Kouan no Eki, 1281)

Preparations of the East Road Army and the Gangnam Army

　Despite the failure of the first dimensional invasion, Hubilai Khan set out to conquer Japan again. 1281, the Yuan Dynasty once again planned to invade Japan, this time attacking from two directions. The East Road Army, with about 900 ships and 40,000 men, headed for Japan via Goryeo. The Gangnam Army, on the other hand, had about 3,500 ships and 100,000 men and departed from the port of South China.

Joining Forces and Battle

　The East Road and Gangnam armies planned to meet, but in reality, the meeting was extremely difficult. The Goryeo soldiers joined the East Road Army and participated in the battle in northern Kyushu. The “History of Korai” describes the details of the confederation plan and the participation of the Korai soldiers in the battle.

The return of the typhoon (kamikaze)

　During the battle in the vicinity of Hawk Island(Taka-shima), a typhoon struck the Yuan forces again and many ships were sunk. This typhoon was also passed down as “kamikaze” and the Yuan army was forced to retreat again. The History of Goryeo describes in detail the impact of this typhoon and the retreat of the Goryeo soldiers.

The Impact of the Mongol Invasion on the Goryeo

Political Impact

　The Genko Invasions had a great impact on the politics of Goryeo. Goryeo’s position as a dependent state of Yuan was strengthened, and it was forced to follow Yuan’s orders. The History of Goryeo records the political changes in Goryeo under Yuan’s rule and the domestic measures taken to meet Yuan’s demands. Through the Yuan Invasions, the Goryeo Dynasty continued to demonstrate its loyalty to the Yuan Dynasty and made efforts to suppress anti-Yuan sentiment within the country.

Economic Impact

　Preparation for and support of the Yuan Invasions placed a heavy burden on the Goryeo economy. The construction of ships and the provision of soldiers put great pressure on Goryeo’s finances. The History of Goryeo also describes the economic impact and subsequent domestic fiscal measures.
　Tax collection was tightened in preparation for war, placing an increased burden on the peasants. This led to a temporary decline in agricultural production and domestic economic turmoil.

Social Impact

　The Goryeo society underwent major changes through the Genko War. The war devastated farmlands and forced many people to flee their homes. There are also records of dissatisfaction and resistance to life under Yuan rule. The History of Goryeo describes in detail these social effects and the social reconstruction after the Yuan invasion. In order to rebuild and stabilize the country after the invasion, the Goryeo Dynasty worked to reorganize agricultural lands and provide relief to those affected.

Evaluation of the Mongolian Invasion in Goryeo History Books

Status as a Dependent of Yuan

　The History of Goryeo records in detail the process of Goryeo’s acceptance of its position as a dependent state of Yuan and its obedience to Yuan’s orders. It is emphasized that Goryeo’s cooperation against the Mongol invasion was to maintain relations with Yuan and was a necessary measure for Goryeo’s political survival. The Goryeo made numerous diplomatic compromises to defend its position against Yuan’s pressure.

The Role of Goryeo Soldiers

　The History of Goryeo describes in detail the role of Goryeo soldiers in the Mongol invasion. The Goryeo soldiers joined the Yuan army and participated in the Japanese expedition, and the details of the battle and its outcome are also recorded in detail. The Goryeo soldiers fought bravely as members of the Yuan army, and their loyalty is highly valued. However, the failure of the Mongolian invasion was a major blow to the Goryeo soldiers.

Lessons from the Mongol Invasion

　The Mongol Invasion was also a great lesson for the Goryeo. The History of Goryeo includes lessons learned through the Mongolian Invasion and its impact on subsequent Goryeo foreign policy and military strategy.
　The failure of the Mongol invasion served as an important lesson for Goryeo to strengthen its defenses against foreign enemies and to stabilize its internal politics. The Goryeo used the experience of the Genko Invasion to prepare its defense system for the next foreign enemy.

Reconstruction and Development of Goryeo after the Mongol Invasion

Economic Reconstruction

　After the Mongol invasion, the Goryeo Dynasty reorganized its devastated farmlands and restored agricultural production. The History of Goryeo describes this recovery process in detail. Tax reforms and irrigation facilities were implemented, and the lives of the farmers gradually stabilized. The economy of Goryeo gradually recovered after the Genko invasion, and prosperity was restored once again.

Social Stability

　After the Mongol invasion, the Goryeo Dynasty took measures to stabilize society. Relief for displaced people and support for victims were provided, and the entire society was restored. The History of Goryeo describes this reconstruction process and the stabilization of Goryeo society in detail. The Goryeo Dynasty took the lessons learned from the Mongolian Invasions and strengthened its domestic governance system.

Strengthening the Military System

　Based on the experience of the Mongol Invasions, the Goryeo Dynasty strengthened its military system. Reforms were implemented to enhance defense against foreign enemies, and the training of soldiers and the development of weapons were promoted. The History of Goryeo records these military reforms and the strengthening of the defense system. The Goryeo showed its vigilance against foreign enemies and its readiness for the next invasion.

Conclusion

　The Genko (Mongol invasion) is recorded in detail in the History of Goryeo, a history book of Goryeo, which provides a lot of information on how Goryeo responded as a dependent state of Yuan and the impact of the Mongol invasion on Goryeo.

　The Mongol invasion was a great challenge for the Goryeo, and the lessons learned had a profound impact on the political, economic, social, and military affairs of the Goryeo in the years to come.

　The History of Goryeo is an important historical document that shows how Goryeo survived, recovered, and developed under Yuan rule.

NB.
This text is based on asking the AI; the AI’s answers may not always be correct. Important information should be checked.

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